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    <h1 class="hero__h1">Hive Developer Portal  - Glossary</h1>
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  </div>
  <p>Understanding the common terms used by the Hive blockchain is an important part of being able to build applications and tools that use it.</p>

<p>This section outlines several of the common terms.</p>

<p>More terms and information can be found on the hive.blog <a href="https://hive.blog/faq.html">FAQ</a>.</p>

<section class="row">
  <section class="row">
    <dl class="dl-horizontal glossary">
      
        <h3 id="glossary-chain-basics">Chain Basics</h3>
        
          <section id="blockchain">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=blockchain"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Blockchain
            </dt>
            <dd>Decentralized ledger and consensus protocol</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="hive-blockchain">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=hive%20blockchain"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Hive (blockchain)
            </dt>
            <dd>Name of the blockchain and platform</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="bandwidth">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=bandwidth"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Bandwidth
            </dt>
            <dd>formerly the limit of data each account can send/use (replaced by Resource Credits)</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="resource-credits">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=resource%20credits"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Resource Credits
            </dt>
            <dd>is the limit of data each account can utilize resources on the blockchain (also known as RC)</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="vests">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=vests"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              VESTS
            </dt>
            <dd>The fundamental unit of accounting that Hive Power is derived from</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="hive-currency">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=hive%20currency"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              HIVE (currency)
            </dt>
            <dd>Currency of the blockchain, liquid version of Hive Power</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="hbd">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=hbd"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              HBD
            </dt>
            <dd>Hive Backed Dollar, $1 worth of Hive</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="hive-power">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=hive%20power"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Hive Power
            </dt>
            <dd>Locked version of HIVE which gives account influence on the platform</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="transaction">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=transaction"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Transaction
            </dt>
            <dd>Operations/Activity/Write requests to the blockchain.  A transaction is a submitted update to the Hive blockchain.  This can include token transfers, posts/comments, votes, etc.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="block">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=block"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Block
            </dt>
            <dd>Every three seconds, the Hive blockchain produces a new block. Each time a new block is produced, the distributed network is updated with all of the transactions that occurred within that block.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="block-header">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=block%20header"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Block Header
            </dt>
            <dd>Information about block, root, and witness who signed, etc.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="price-feed">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=price%20feed"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Price feed
            </dt>
            <dd>Feed that is maintained by witnesses to ensure HBD/HIVE price stability</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="account">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=account"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Account
            </dt>
            <dd>An account is a container for all of the activity associated with a particular user's wallet on the blockchain. This includes all of their tokens, posts, comments, upvotes, transfers, etc.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="authority">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=authority"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Authority
            </dt>
            <dd>Each Account has multiple authority and keys to manager different permissions on the platform</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="owner">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=owner"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Owner
            </dt>
            <dd>Owner authority/permission of a given account</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="key">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=key"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Key
            </dt>
            <dd>Keys are used to authenticate transactions. Each key contains a public/private pair. When a transaction is submitted to the Hive blockchain, it is signed by the account owner using their private key. The blockchain is able to determine that the transaction is valid by validating the signature against the public key from the pair.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="public-key">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=public%20key"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Public Key
            </dt>
            <dd>Public key of account's certain authority</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="private-key">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=private%20key"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Private Key
            </dt>
            <dd>Private key to sign a transaction with account's authority, should be kept secret because it grants access to account</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="wif">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=wif"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Wif
            </dt>
            <dd>Wallet Import Format/Private key, should be kept secret because it grants access to account</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="active-key">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=active%20key"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Active key
            </dt>
            <dd>The active key is used to make transfers and place orders in the internal market</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="posting-key">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=posting%20key"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Posting key
            </dt>
            <dd>The posting key is used for posting and voting</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="owner-key">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=owner%20key"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Owner key
            </dt>
            <dd>The owner key is the master key for the account and is required to change the other keys</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="post">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=post"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Post
            </dt>
            <dd>A post is a root level comment - one that has no "parent".</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="comment">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=comment"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Comment
            </dt>
            <dd>A comment is text content that is stored on the blockchain. Comments can be linked to other comments as "replies" through parent/child relationships.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="vote">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=vote"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Vote
            </dt>
            <dd>A vote is an expression of like (upvote) or dislike (downvote) for a post/comment. The Hive blockchain uses the votes that a post/comment has received to determine its share of the rewards.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="reputation">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=reputation"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Reputation
            </dt>
            <dd>Account's reputation on the platform</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="markdown-language">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=markdown%20language"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Markdown language
            </dt>
            <dd>Easy to read and write, plain text format language commonly used to create Hive articles</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="permlink">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=permlink"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Permlink
            </dt>
            <dd>Unique identifier of every comment or post of an author, within the context of that author. ('@author/permlink' combos are globally unique)</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="mainnet">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=mainnet"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Mainnet
            </dt>
            <dd>The 'production' Hive blockchain network wherein real HIVE is held and actual transactions take place.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="delegation">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=delegation"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Delegation
            </dt>
            <dd>The assignment of Hive Power for content influence by another account (cannot be spent, can be revoked by the delegator in 5 days)</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="powerup">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=powerup"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              PowerUp
            </dt>
            <dd>Convert HIVE to Hive Power and vice-versa with PowerDown</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="reward-pool">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=reward%20pool"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Reward Pool
            </dt>
            <dd>Every day, a fixed amount of HIVE tokens are allocated to the network reward fund, commonly called the "reward pool." These get distributed to authors and curators for posting and voting on content.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="appbase">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=appbase"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              AppBase
            </dt>
            <dd>Plug-in architecture that provides a robust foundation for scaling.  It enables many components of the Hive blockchain to become modular by creating additional non-consensus blockchains as dedicated plugins.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="rocksdb">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=rocksdb"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              RocksDB
            </dt>
            <dd>A fast-on-disk data store with an advanced caching layer, which minimizes latency when reading/writing to and from disk.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="mira">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=mira"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              MIRA
            </dt>
            <dd>Multi Index Rocksdb Adapter that updates the database backend of Hive from memory mapped files to a disk log-structured merge-tree implemented via the RocksDB library.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="manabar">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=manabar"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Manabar
            </dt>
            <dd><p>
  Tracked voting power that is regenerated from 0 to 100% of max
  linearly over 5 days.  It is a function of Hive Power, delegations,
  and active power down that tracks unspent reward fund shares.
</p>

<p>
  Each user also has a manabar specifically for downvotes, which is 25%
  of the upvote manabar.  Downvotes will consume this mana first before
  consuming regular mana.  When voting, 1/50<sup>th</sup> of the
  remaining mana is used for a 100% vote.  The same math is used for
  downvote mana but multiplied by 4 because the downvote manabar is 25%
  the size of the normal manabar.  The maximum of these values is used.
  When both manabars are at 100%, the values are the same.  When
  downvote mana runs out, normal mana is then used.
</p>
</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="reverse-auction">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=reverse%20auction"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Reverse Auction
            </dt>
            <dd>The window of 5 minutes where curation rewards are sent back to reward pool.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="dhf">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=dhf"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              DHF
            </dt>
            <dd>Also known as Decentralized Hive Fund.  An on-chain decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) that allows users to submit proposals for funding and use stake weighted voting to select which proposals should be funded.</dd>
          </section>
        
        <hr/>
      
        <h3 id="glossary-governance">Governance</h3>
        
          <section id="dpos">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=dpos"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              DPOS
            </dt>
            <dd>Delegated Proof of Stake</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="proxy">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=proxy"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Proxy
            </dt>
            <dd>The assignment of Hive Power for DPOS governance and DHF approval by another account (cannot be spent, can be revoked instantly)</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="node">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=node"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Node
            </dt>
            <dd>A node is an instance of the Hive blockchain running on a server.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="witness">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=witness"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Witness
            </dt>
            <dd>Witness is a position/role for the people who are chosen by community (delegate trust) to support platform and run consensus protocol to ensure security and validity of transactions/blocks on the blockchain.  A witness is responsible for signing and validating blocks for the Hive blockchain.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="hardfork">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=hardfork"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Hardfork
            </dt>
            <dd>Process to release protocol/blockchain consensus upgrades</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="softfork">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=softfork"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Softfork
            </dt>
            <dd>Process to release protocol/blockchain software improvements</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="witness-vote">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=witness%20vote"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Witness Vote
            </dt>
            <dd>Voting/electing witnesses with account's stake</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="dao">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=dao"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              DAO
            </dt>
            <dd>Decentralized Autonomous Organization (see: DHF).</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="hbd-haircut">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=hbd%20haircut"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              HBD Haircut
            </dt>
            <dd>Rules to stop printing HBD when the supply is too high.  Note: HBD printing for the DHF (@steem.dao) does not follow these rules and will continue to print HBD regardless of the supply.</dd>
          </section>
        
        <hr/>
      
        <h3 id="glossary-transactions">Transactions</h3>
        
          <section id="p2p">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=p2p"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              P2P
            </dt>
            <dd>The peer-to-peer network is how transactions are broadcasted to mempool until they are included in a block.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="mempool">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=mempool"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Mempool
            </dt>
            <dd>Where a transaction that is being conducted over the p2p network is transmitted and held until a witness picks it up and includes it in the next block.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="pending-transaction">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=pending%20transaction"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Pending Transaction
            </dt>
            <dd>Transaction that is pending and to be included to the blockchain</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="transaction-hex">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=transaction%20hex"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Transaction Hex
            </dt>
            <dd>Hash of the transaction</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="signatures">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=signatures"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Signatures
            </dt>
            <dd>Transaction signature signed by an account with a private key</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="canonical-signatures">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=canonical%20signatures"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Canonical Signatures
            </dt>
            <dd>Reduce entropy Signatures that follow the BIP-0062 specification to prevent transaction malleability.  All Signatures on Hive are Canonical Signatures, since 0.20.2.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="broadcast-transaction">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=broadcast%20transaction"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Broadcast Transaction
            </dt>
            <dd>Event where a signed transaction is broadcasted to the p2p network so that witnesses could validate and include in a block</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="virtual-operation">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=virtual%20operation"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Virtual operation
            </dt>
            <dd>Operations that are derived from blockchain activity, but aren't actually stored as operations themselves (ex. curation and author rewards). They happen based on consensus from the blockchain based on other normal operations</dd>
          </section>
        
        <hr/>
      
        <h3 id="glossary-api">API</h3>
        
          <section id="trending">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=trending"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Trending
            </dt>
            <dd>Posts/Discussions that are highly valued by the community with bigger time interval update</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="hot">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=hot"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Hot
            </dt>
            <dd>Posts/Discussions that are highly valued with shorter time interval update</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="feed">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=feed"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Feed
            </dt>
            <dd>Posts/Discussions from followers of a particular account</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="active">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=active"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Active
            </dt>
            <dd>Posts/Discussions that are still actively being engaged</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="new">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=new"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              New
            </dt>
            <dd>Newly created posts</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="cashout">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=cashout"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Cashout
            </dt>
            <dd>Posts which was paid out recently</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="promoted">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=promoted"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Promoted
            </dt>
            <dd>Posts which was promoted by burning HBD to get more visibility</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="pending-payout">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=pending%20payout"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Pending Payout
            </dt>
            <dd>Estimated pending payout for blog posts/comments</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="tags">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=tags"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Tags
            </dt>
            <dd>A tag is a descriptor that is used to identify the type of content contained within a comment/post.</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="trending-tags">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=trending%20tags"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Trending Tags
            </dt>
            <dd>Mostly used tags</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="following">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=following"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Following
            </dt>
            <dd>Account that is being followed</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="follower">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=follower"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Follower
            </dt>
            <dd>Account that is following the user</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="state">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=state"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              State
            </dt>
            <dd>State of blockchain for path - accounts/tags/filters/posts</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="dynamic-global-properties">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=dynamic%20global%20properties"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Dynamic Global Properties
            </dt>
            <dd>Current blockchain global properties in play for each block</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="median-price">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=median%20price"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Median Price
            </dt>
            <dd>Median Price feed provided by all witnesses</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="curator">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=curator"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Curator
            </dt>
            <dd>A Hive user who upvotes a post by using their daily voting power to assign value to a post that they believe has good quality content and should be seen and the author rewarded</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="curation-reward">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=curation%20reward"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Curation reward
            </dt>
            <dd>The reward given to a curator, which is their portion of the 50% allocated to all curators that have upvoted a post</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="reblog">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=reblog"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Reblog
            </dt>
            <dd>Re-posting another author's post in your blog feed for your followers list</dd>
          </section>
        
        <hr/>
      
        <h3 id="glossary-market">Market</h3>
        
          <section id="conversion-requests">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=conversion%20requests"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Conversion Requests
            </dt>
            <dd>Request submitted for Converting HBD to HIVE</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="order-book">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=order%20book"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Order Book
            </dt>
            <dd>Internal market order book to exchange HBD &lt;-&gt HIVE</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="smt">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=smt"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              SMT
            </dt>
            <dd>Smart Media Tokens</dd>
          </section>
        
          <section id="limit-order">
            <dt>
              
              
              <a href="/search/?q=limit%20order"><i class="fas fa-search fa-xs"></i></a>
              Limit Order
            </dt>
            <dd>A direction given to the DEX to buy or sell an asset at a specified price or better, that expire within 30 days of creation.</dd>
          </section>
        
        <hr/>
      
    </dl>
  </section>
</section>

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